19. 간단한 독일어 문장 만들기 4 : 날짜 표현

Jennifer Mueller, "How to Write German Dates" (출처 : https://www.wikihow.com/Write-German-Dates)

 

ㄱ. 월과 요일 표현

1) 월 표현

1월	der/im Januar	7월	der/im Juli
2월	der/im Februar	8월	der/im August
3월	der/im März	9월	der/im September
4월	der/im April	10월	der/im Oktober
5월	der/im Mai	11월	der/im November
6월	der/im Juni	12월	der/im Dezeber

 

2) 요일 표현

일요일	der/am Sonntag
월요일	der/am Montag
화요일	der/am Dienstag
수요일	der/am Mittwoch
목요일	der/am Donnerstag
금요일	der/am Freitag
토요일	der/am Samstag

 

ㄴ. Using only numbers

 

① Include an article before the date.

: In some situations, such as in letters or other formal writing, the date is preceded by the article der, which means "the," or am, meaning "on" or "on the.“

 

ex) the 22nd of January 2019 → der 22.01.2019

 

② Write the date in day-month-year format.

: When writing a date in German, list the day of the month first, followed by the numeral for the month, followed by the year. (Tip: When dealing with a single-digit day or month, put a "0" before the digit to act as a placeholder. For example, for July 4th, 2019, you would write der 04.07.2019.)

 

ex) January 12, 2019 → 12.01.2019

 

③ Separate the parts of the date with periods.

: Use a period or full-stop after the numeral representing the day and the month. Do not include a space after the period. There's no need for a period after the year unless the date happens to fall at the end of a sentence.

 

ex) 12.01.2019

 

ㄷ. Including Words and Numbers

 

① List the day of the week first if necessary.

: In some situations, you may need (or simply want) to include the name of the day of the week when writing out a date. Usually, you would do this on an invitation to an event or a notification of a meeting. The name of the day of the week is followed by a comma.

 

ex) Dienstag, 22. Januar 2019.

 

② Write the number of the day followed by a period.

: The period (or full-stop) after the numeral indicating the day of the month signals that the number is an ordinal. Unlike when writing the date using only numbers, there is a space after the period and before the name of the month. (Tip: When using both words and numbers to write the date, you don't need to include a "0" as a placeholder for single-digit days.)

 

ex) July 4, 2019 → der 4. Juli 2019

 

③ Add the name of the month and the numerals for the year.

: After the day of the year, write out the name of the month. Type a space, then close your date with the numerals of the year. There's no punctuation between the month and the year.

 

ex) December 24, 2019 → der 24. Dezember 2019

 

ㄹ. Saying the Date Aloud

 

① Start with an article or a preposition if appropriate.

: When you write or say the date in German, you typically precede the actual date with der (meaning "the") or am (meaning "on").

 

ex) the first of May 2019 → der erste Mai zweituasendneunzehn

 

② Read the number of the day as an ordinal.

: The period after the numeral indicates this number is an ordinal. The ending of the ordinal changes if you say the date along with a preposition, such as am, or an article, such as der. (A) If there is no article or preposition, the ordinal ends in –er. (B) When using a definite article, such as der, the ordinal ends in –e. (C) If a preposition precedes the date, the ordinal ends in -en.

 

ex) 5th October 2011 → fünfter Oktober zweitausendelf

ex) the 5th of October 2011 → der fünfte Oktober zweitausendelf

ex) on the 5th of October 2011 → am fünften Oktober zweitausendelf

 

③ Use an ordinal to read the number of the month.

: If the name of the month is written out, you would just say the name of the month. However, if you're reading a date in German that's written using only numbers, you read the month as an ordinal number rather than saying the name of that month.

 

ex) 01.02.2009 → der erste zweite zweitausendneun

 

④ Read years prior to 1999 as hundreds and later years as cardinal numbers.

: The way you say the numbers for the years in German changed beginning in the year 2000. Prior to that year, numbers are read as hundreds. For the year 2000 and beyond, read the number as it appears. (Tip: Don't add the word und or "and" when reading the year, unless it's part of the number. So 1995 would be neunzehnhundertfünfundneunzig, or "19 hundred 5 and 90," but 1617 would be sechzehnhundertsiebzehn, or "16 hundred 17," not "16 hundred and 17.")

 

ex) 1813 → achtzhenhundertdreizehn

ex) 2010 → zweitausendzehn